![]() GRASS shows the slightest change from the CNTL. DESERT shows the weakest valley breeze circulation with the longest duration. In the vertical direction, FOREST shows the strongest valley breeze circulation, with the largest horizontal and vertical extents of circulation, as well as the highest vertical extent of the updraft. The results show that the near-surface wind speed increases with decreasing surface roughness, and DESERT shows the most obvious change as compared with the CNTL. One control experiment (CNTL) and three sensitivity experiments, in which the current land cover is taken as areas of uniform evergreen broadleaf forest (FOREST), grassland (GRASS), and bare soil (DESERT) coverage, are conducted. To view the papers in pdf format, click on the "PDF Full-text" link, and use the free Adobe Reader to open them.įocusing on the complex underlying surface area in central–southern Hainan Island, this study uses the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting Model (Version 4.0) to simulate a typical mountain circulation case without obvious weather system forcing, and tries to reveal the impacts of land cover changes on the mountain circulation. PDF is the official format for papers published in both, html and pdf forms.You may sign up for e-mail alerts to receive table of contents of newly released issues. ![]() Issues are regarded as officially published after their release is announced to the table of contents alert mailing list.On the other hand, the water of ponds in industrial areas was warmer, and the dominant type was Carex sp. Moreover, species of the genera Ceratophyllum and Sparganium dominated in ponds with more frequent freezing conditions. This may be caused by pond shallowing caused by climate change (temperature rise and decrease in precipitation). As it turns out, most of the examined macrophyte genera ( Oenanthe, Phragmites, and Typha) increased their surface area during the study, contributing to the pond's overgrowth. However, can the macrophytes in ponds be influenced by environmental factors, the neighboring areas' land-use type, and climate change? The research was carried out over a decade (2008-2018). Small ponds are essential environmental elements that perform many ecological functions.
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